Villard Noir

At planting, one or two buds are retained near the graft union on grafted vines, or near the crown of the vine on own-rooted vines. Support is provided with a bamboo stake or other support. For grafted vines, the graft union should be planted above the ground so the scion variety does not produce roots. Where winter graft union protection is needed in order to prevent winter injury, it is critical that the graft union be planted close to the ground (1-2” above final ground level), with graft unions covered with soil or other insulating material during the winter months.

One cane is retained from the previous year’s growth. This can be pruned and tied to the bottom wire, or a longer cane can be trained up to or on top (fruiting) wire if first years growth was vigorous. A second trunk can be started by leaving a short spur at the base of the vine, just above the graft union on grafted vines, or just above ground level on own-rooted vines. In Year Two, crop should be limited by cluster thinning or defruiting in order to encourage vegetative growth.

A single cane or cordon can be pruned and trained in each direction from the head of the vine. Spurs on cordons should be located about size inches apart. Highly fruitful cultivators such as French-American hybrids can be pruned to two to three bud spurs, while less fruitful cultivators can be pruned to three to five bud spurs. Where possible, shots emerging from cane growth below the fruiting wire should be removed to avoid overcrowding and shading at the head of the vine. During the growing season, shoots are allowed to grow through the sets of catch wires, and additional shoot positioning can be attained by manually tucking shoots between the sets of catch wires, and additional shoot positioning can be attained by manually tucking shoots between the sets of catch wires. Shoots that emerge through the top set of catch wires are allowed to grow downward, generally without using any summer pruning. Third year vines should yield between one-half and a full crop, depending on the amount of trellis fill achieved. Vines that achieve full trellis fill can be fully cropped (as appropriate for the variety and desired wine quality attributes), while weaker vines may require some fruit removal by cluster thinning so that vines are not over-cropped.

Cordons should be fully established and annual growth should fill the available trellis space. Depending on the variety, wine quality may be improved by reducing crop load, usually by removing second and/or third clusters on developing shoots. In regions where winter injury to trunks is anticipated, new trunks can be trained by retaining one or more suckers annually, and used to replace older, winter-injured trunks.