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Frontenac

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$12.75
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Frontenac produces grapes with high sugar and high acidity used to produce dry red wine, rosé, and port. Wines typically present aromas of cherry and other red fruits. Acid reducing techniques are often used by the winemaker.
Details
Frontenac produces grapes with high sugar and high acidity used to produce dry red wine, rosé, and port. Wines typically present aromas of cherry and other red fruits. Acid reducing techniques are often used by the winemaker.
Disease Susceptibility
Disease Susceptibility
Black Rot Moderately susceptible
Downy Mildew Slightly susceptible
Powdery Mildew Moderately susceptible
Botrytis Slightly susceptible
More Information
More Information
Grape Color Blue, Black
Primary Use Wine
Wine Color Red, Rosé
Variety Origin University of Minnesota
Parents Landot 4511 x University of Minnesota V. riparia selection no. 89
Pseudonym (Tested As) MN 1047
Year Released 1996
Harvest Season Late Season
USDA Hardiness Zone 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Black Rot Moderately susceptible
Downy Mildew Slightly susceptible
Powdery Mildew Moderately susceptible
Botrytis Slightly susceptible
Sulfur Sensitivity Slightly susceptible
Vine Vigor Very Vigorous
Growth Habit Semi-Trailing
Suggested Distance Between Vines 8 ft
Vine Training System Top Wire Cordon
Bud Break 2-3 Days before Concord
Training System

Top Wire Cordon (TWC)

Top Wire Cordon is arguably the most efficient training system for grapes, especially for procumbent or downward growing cultivators, especially those not prone to late season fruit rots due to shading of the fruiting zone. Summer labor is much less than that required with Vertical Shoot Positioned (VSP) training as shoot positioning and leaf pulling are generally not required.

Download Top Wire Cordon Training PDF

At planting, one or two buds are retained near the graft union on grafted vines, or near the crown of the vine on own-rooted vines. Support is provided with a bamboo stake or other support. For grafted vines, the graft union should be planted above the ground so the scion variety does not produce roots. Where winter graft union protection is needed in order to prevent winter injury, it is critical that the graft union be planted close to the ground (1-2" above final ground level), with graft unions covered with soil or other insulating material during the winter months.
One cane is retained from the previous year's growth. This can be pruned and tied to the bottom wire, or a longer cane can be trained up to or on top (fruiting) wire if first years growth was vigorous. A second trunk can be started by leaving a short spur at the base of the vine, just above the graft union on grafted vines, or just above ground level on own-rooted vines. In Year Two, crop should be limited by cluster thinning or defruiting in order to encourage vegetative growth.
A single cane can be pruned and trained in each direction from the head of the vine (left side diagram), and cordon establishment can be initiated by retaining spurs on second year wood (right side of diagram). Spurs should be spaced about 6" apart. For highly fruitful varieties such as most French-American hybrids, spurs can be pruned to two to three buds. For Vitis labruscana species such as 'Concord' where basal buds (nodes one to three on one year canes) tend to be less fruitful, vines are short cane (long spur) pruned to five to eight buds. Shoots emerging below the top wire are removed unless they are needed for leaf area needed to develop the vine's reserves - generally speaking, a minimum of three shoots per foot of row should be retained. As shoot growth progresses during the season, shoot positioning is generally not needed but vigorous shoots that grow over neighboring vines should be positioned downward so as not to interfere with sunlight exposure of the neighboring vine. Third year vines should yield between one-half and a full crop, depending on the amount of trellis fill achieved. Vines that achieve full trellis fill can be fully cropped (as appropriate for the variety and desired wine quality attributes), while weaker vines may require some fruit removal by cluster thinning so that vines are not over-cropped.
Canes or cordons should be fully established and annual growth should fill the available trellis space. Depending on the variety, wine quality may be improved by reducing crop load, usually by removing second and/or third clusters on developing shoots. In regions where winter injury to trunks is anticipated, new trunks can be trained by retaining one or more suckers annually, and used to replace older, winter-injured trunks.
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Frontenac